Embodied Energy Optimization of Buttressed Earth-Retaining Walls with Hybrid Simulated Annealing

The importance of construction in the consumption natural resources is leading structural design professionals to create more efficient structure designs that reduce emissions as well energy consumed. This paper presents an automated process obtain low embodied buttressed earth-retaining wall optimum designs. Two objective functions were considered compare difference between a cost optimization and optimization. To reach best for every criterion, tuning algorithm parameters was carried out. study used hybrid simulated values geometry, concrete resistances, amounts materials design. relation all geometric variables height obtained by adjusting linear parabolic functions. A relationship found two criteria, it can be concluded are linked. allows us state reduction €1 has associated 4.54 kWh. achieve design, recommended distance buttresses with respect economic decrease reinforcing steel needed resist stem bending. results foundation two-optimization objectives reveals hardly any variation them. work gives technicians some rules get Furthermore, compares through these traditional recommendations.